American crime writer whose psychological thrillers — including the Ripley series set in Europe — redefined the moral ambiguity possible in crime fiction.
Patricia Highsmith was born in Fort Worth, Texas in 1921 and spent much of her adult life in Europe — France, England, Switzerland, and Italy — where many of her novels are set. Her debut Strangers on a Train (1950) was adapted by Alfred Hitchcock into one of his greatest films. The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955), the first of five novels featuring the amoral charmer Tom Ripley, established her as one of the most distinctive voices in crime fiction.
Highsmith’s innovation was the elimination of moral certainty: her protagonists are frequently criminals, her detectives unreliable, her victims unsympathetic. The Ripley novels in particular — set across Italy, France, and Greece — are as much portraits of post-war European culture as they are crime stories. Graham Greene called her ‘the poet of apprehension.’
She died in Locarno, Switzerland in 1995. Her work was more celebrated in Europe during her lifetime than in America, where her moral ambiguity and her open lesbianism (the novel Carol, published under a pseudonym) made publishers uncomfortable. She has since been fully rehabilitated as one of the major American fiction writers of the 20th century.