Aristotle

Aristotle asks: what is the good life for a human being? His answer — eudaimonia, often translated as happiness but better understood as flourishing — requires virtue, practical wisdom, and the right social conditions. The foundational text of virtue ethics and one of the most influential works in the history of moral philosophy.

Aristotle's analysis of tragedy — its elements, its purpose, and its effects. Defines tragedy as an imitation of a serious action producing catharsis through pity and fear. Identifies the six elements of tragedy (plot, character, thought, diction, melody, spectacle) and argues that plot is the most important.